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Course Overview
Python dir() Function
Python dir() function returns the list of names in the current local scope. If the object on which method is called has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. It takes a single object type argument. The signature of the function is given below.
Signature
- dir ([object])
Parameters
object: It takes an optional parameter.
Return
It returns a list of valid attributes of the object.
Let’s see some examples of dir() function to understand it’s functionality.
Python dir() Function Example 1
Let’s create a simple example to get a list of valid attributes. It takes a single parameter which is optional.
-
# Python dir() function example
# Calling function
att = dir()
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
- [‘__annotations__’, ‘__builtins__’, ‘__cached__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__file__’, ‘__loader__’, ‘__name__’, ‘__package__’,
‘__spec__’]
Python dir() Function Example 2
If we pass a parameter to this function, it returns attributes related to that object. See an example below.
-
# Python dir() function example
lang = (“C”,”C++”,”Java”,”Python”)
# Calling function
att = dir(lang)
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
- [‘__add__’, ‘__class__’, ‘__contains__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dir__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__getattribute__’,
‘__getitem__’, ‘__getnewargs__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__iter__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__len__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__mul__’,
‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__rmul__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’,
‘__subclasshook__’, ‘count’, ‘index’]
Python dir() Function Example 3
-
# Python dir() function example
class Student():
def __init__(self,x):
return self.x
# Calling function
att = dir(Student)
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
- [‘__class__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dict__’, ‘__dir__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__module__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__subclasshook__’, ‘__weakref__’]
Python dir() Function Example 4
If dir() function is already defined in the object, the function will be called.
-
# Python dir() function example
class Student():
def __dir__(self):
return [10,20,30]
# Calling function
s = Student()
att = dir(s)
# Displaying result
print(att)
Output:
- [10, 20, 30]
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